考研英语阅读中的一句话,I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarge

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考研英语阅读中的一句话,
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer’s demands.
same 后的that的先行词是哪个?
fall为什么要加ing?

先行词:process
falling transportation and communication costs是名词短语,falling是形容词,修饰成本.它和lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets是并列结构,考研中常有这种并列机构出现,如果你看不懂前面的,能看懂后面的,就要推断一下前面的结构.反之亦然.