英语翻译Goal-oriented and problem-solving approaches representtwo distinct kinds of targets decomposition in theprocess of evaluation.Widely used in the evaluation ofvarious topics,both approaches have their own advantagesand disadvantages.In det

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英语翻译
Goal-oriented and problem-solving approaches represent
two distinct kinds of targets decomposition in the
process of evaluation.Widely used in the evaluation of
various topics,both approaches have their own advantages
and disadvantages.In details,under the premise of
proposing the overall goals,goal-oriented approach will
establish the sub-goals and then adopt the top-down
model in the evaluation.Thus,the overall goal is always
focused and followed,which results in the coherence
between the evaluation results and targets.Through the
extensive investigations on the evaluation objects,problem-
solving methods aim to propose the main problems
correlated with the evaluation targets and associated
influencing factors and solutions.Thus,problem-solving methods can respond to the overall goals in the end from
bottom to up,with the pertinence characteristics of the
evaluation results.Among three types of evaluation
frameworks of regional ecological sustainability discussed
above,the comprehensive index evaluation
frameworks belongs to the goal-oriented approach,because
this evaluation framework is oriented to measure
the whole sustainability of coupled human and nature
system.On the contrary,frameworks of monetary valuation
and biophysical quantity measurement can be classified
as problem-solving approaches,as they focus on
one specific ecological aspect of regional sustainability
issues.
To date,along with the occurrence of more and more
emergent ecological or environmental conflicts,problem-
solving approaches are encouraged and recognized
to make valuable contribution towards achieving landscape
sustainability (Fu and Lu,2006; Opdam,2007;
Metzger,2008; McAlpine et al.,2010).However,in
comparison,object-oriented evaluation can select more
comprehensive indicators,but it can not effectively
characterize the critical issues due to lack of pertinence;
problem-solving assessment highlights the impact of
key issues on the evaluation targets,but fails to measure
the system goals comprehensively.Therefore,the integration
of top-down and bottom-up approaches are advocated
(Verburg and Overmars,2009).It is thought to
be a great help to the realization of the comprehensive
evaluation with generality and pertinence to integrate
goal-oriented and problem-solving approaches,namely,
to decompose overall goals into sub-goals,and to select
key issues to evaluate sub-goals.Furthermore,based on
the comprehensive decomposition of the overall goal of
ecological sustainability,a comprehensive index system
could be built with the application of various biophysical
quantity indicators or monetary indicators.The decomposition
model of pressure-state-response proposed
by Peng (2007) is a good example,which is a new direction
in the further studies of ecological sustainability evaluation.

面向目标的和解决问题的途径代表了评估过程中的两种独特的目标区域分解.这两种方法在各种话题的评估中广为运用,具有其自身的优缺点.细节上说来,在提出整体目标的前提之下,面向目标途径将建立次级目标然后在评估中采取自上而下的模式.这样,整体目标就总是能被集中和密切注意,结果是形成评估结果和目标之间的一致性.解决问题的方法是通过在评估目标上的广泛调查,目的在于提出与评估目标和伴随影响的因素和解决办法相关的主要问题.这样,解决问题的办法可以最终从下而上应对整体目标,且评估结果具有针对性特点.在上文讨论了的区域生态可持续性的三种评估框架之中,综合性的索引评估框架属于面向目标途径,因为此类评估框架的方向是测量人类于自然系统相连接的整体可持续性.相反,货币评估和生物物理质量测量的框架可以归类于解决问题途径,因为它们聚焦于区域可持续性问题的一个特定的生态方面.
到目前为止,随着出现越来越多的生态或环境冲突的产生,解决问题的途径受到鼓励和认可能够为实现地貌可持续性创造有价值的贡献.然而,相比之下,面向目标的评估可以选择更多综合性的指标,但是它不能有效地表示出重要问题的特性,原因在于它缺乏针对性; 解决问题的评估强调了在评估目标上的重要问题的影响,但是却不能综合性地测量系统的目标.因此,整合自上而下和自下而上的途径得到支持和提倡.这被认为是实现全局评估并带有普遍性和针对性的巨大帮助,整合面向目标和解决问题的途径,名曰,将总体目标分解为次级目标,并选择重要议题来评估次级目标.进一步讲,一个综合索引系统建立在生态可持续性的整体目标的综合性分解之上,可用各种各样生物物理量指标或者货币指标建立.由彭提出的压力-国家-反应的分解模式就是个好例子,对于未来生态可持续性评估的研究是一个崭新的方向.

面向目标的和解决问题的途径代表了评估过程中的两种独特的目标区域分解. 这两种方法在各种话题的评估中广为运用, 具有其自身的优缺点. 细节上说来, 在提出整体目标的前提之下, 面向目标途径将建立次级目标然后在评估中采取自上而下的模式. 这样, 整体目标就总是能被集中和密切注意, 结果是形成评估结果和目标之间的一致性. 解决问题的方法是通过在评估目标上的广泛调查, 目的在于提出与评估目标和伴随影响的因...

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面向目标的和解决问题的途径代表了评估过程中的两种独特的目标区域分解. 这两种方法在各种话题的评估中广为运用, 具有其自身的优缺点. 细节上说来, 在提出整体目标的前提之下, 面向目标途径将建立次级目标然后在评估中采取自上而下的模式. 这样, 整体目标就总是能被集中和密切注意, 结果是形成评估结果和目标之间的一致性. 解决问题的方法是通过在评估目标上的广泛调查, 目的在于提出与评估目标和伴随影响的因素和解决办法相关的主要问题.这样,解决问题的办法可以最终从下而上应对整体目标,且评估结果具有针对性特点。 在上文讨论了的区域生态可持续性的三种评估框架之中, 综合性的索引评估框架属于面向目标途径, 因为此类评估框架的方向是测量人类于自然系统相连接的整体可持续性。相反,货币评估和生物物理质量测量的框架可以归类于解决问题途径,因为它们聚焦于区域可持续性问题的一个特定的生态方面。到目前为止, 随着出现越来越多的生态或环境冲突的产生,解决问题的途径受到鼓励和认可能够为实现地貌可持续性创造有价值的贡献。 然而,相比之下, 面向目标的评估可以选择更多综合性的指标,但是它不能有效地表示出重要问题的特性,原因在于它缺乏针对性; 解决问题的评估强调了在评估目标上的重要问题的影响, 但是却不能综合性地测量系统的目标。 因此, 整合自上而下和自下而上的途径得到支持和提倡。这被认为是实现全局评估并带有普遍性和针对性的巨大帮助,整合面向目标和解决问题的途径,名曰,将总体目标分解为次级目标,并选择重要议题来评估次级目标。进一步讲, 一个综合索引系统建立在生态可持续性的整体目标的综合性分解之上, 可用各种各样生物物理量指标或者货币指标建立。 由彭提出的压力-国家-反应的分解模式就是个好例子, 对于未来生态可持续性评估的研究是一个崭新的方向。
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解决问题的方法”是目标驱动的,  两种不同的目标分解的  评价的过程。广泛用于评估  各种各样的话题,两种方法都有自己的优势  和缺点。在细节的前提下  提议的总体目标,目标明确的方法将  建立目标,然后采用自顶向下的  在评价模型。因此,总体的目标总是  专注和随之出现,这导致的连贯性  t之间...

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解决问题的方法”是目标驱动的,  两种不同的目标分解的  评价的过程。广泛用于评估  各种各样的话题,两种方法都有自己的优势  和缺点。在细节的前提下  提议的总体目标,目标明确的方法将  建立目标,然后采用自顶向下的  在评价模型。因此,总体的目标总是  专注和随之出现,这导致的连贯性  t之间

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英语翻译Flat-hierarchy organizations,goal-oriented conferenceing and advanced technology have revolutionized the workplace,. 英语翻译Goal-oriented and problem-solving approaches representtwo distinct kinds of targets decomposition in theprocess of evaluation.Widely used in the evaluation ofvarious topics,both approaches have their own advantagesand disadvantages.In det 英语翻译Dear colleagues:This is to recommend Ms.Shan Shan,a graduate from this university’s department of International Business Management,for acceptance into your MBA program.I have known Ms.Shan as a resourceful and goal-oriented individual The most positive personality trait of mine would be my goal oriented characteristic怎么翻译 英语翻译Approach and Avoidance Achievement Goals and Intrinsic Motivation:A Mediational AnalysisMost contemporary achievement goal conceptualizations consist of a performance goal versus mastery goal dichotomy.The present research offers an alter 英语翻译human-oriented or Make people in origin?or People-oriented? 英语翻译an investor whose goal is to flip blocks of shares up to the limits allowed once they are registered 英语翻译In this paper,an image-stabilization algorithm is presented that is specifically oriented toward video-surveillance applications.The proposed approach is based on a novel motion-compensation method that is an adaptation of a well-known im 英语翻译His goal eon us the match 英语翻译Start the Project and get your photos oriented 1.Start a PhotoModeler Scanner Points-based project and import your photos.Alternately use an Automatic project if using RAD targets (note the steps below correspond to a Points-based project 英语翻译Oriented Organic Islands and One-Dimensional Chains on a Au(111) Surface Fabricated by Electrodeposition:An STM Study这个是标题,其中的Organic Islands 翻译成什么比较好呢?最好帮我看看这整个的意思- - 英语翻译These little-discussed benefits would have been lost,perhaps permanently--had Vioxx,Bextra and Celebrex been driven from shelves in pursuit of perfect safety,an unattainable goal 英语翻译the personal goal of many women of participating responsibly in both economic an domestic-familial activity without subjecting themselves to intolerable strain What's your goal as an athlete什么意思急、、 results-oriented dubiously oriented export-oriented detail-oriented