急求关于基地组织和塔利班组织的英文介绍篇幅不用过长

急求关于基地组织和塔利班组织的英文介绍篇幅不用过长

Al-Qaeda,alternatively spelled al-Qaida,al-Qa'ida or al-Qa'idah,(Arabic:القاعدة‎; transliteration:al-q膩鈥榠dah; translation:The Base) is an international alliance of Sunni Islamic militant organizations founded in 1988[4] by Abdullah Yusuf Azzam (later replaced by Osama Bin Laden) and other veteran "Afghan Arabs" after the Soviet War in Afghanistan.Al-Qaeda has attacked civilian and military targets in various countries,the most notable being the September 11 attacks in 2001.These actions were followed by the US government launching a military and intelligence campaign against al-Qaeda called the War on Terror.
Al-Qaeda's objectives include the end of foreign influence in Muslim countries and the creation of a new Islamic caliphate.
Al-Qaeda has been labeled a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council,the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Secretary General,the Commission of the European Communities of the European Union,the United States Department of State,the Australian Government,Public Safety Canada,the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs,Japan's Diplomatic Bluebook,South Korean Foreign Ministry,the Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service,the United Kingdom Home Office,Pakistan,Russia,the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs,[and the Swiss Government.
Characteristic terror techniques include use of suicide attacks and simultaneous bombings of different targets.Activities ascribed to it may involve members of the organization,who have taken a pledge of loyalty to bin Laden,or the much more numerous "al-Qaeda-linked" individuals who have undergone training in one of its camps in Afghanistan or Sudan but not taken any pledge.Following 9/11 and the launching of the War on Terrorism,it is thought al-Qaeda's leadership has "become geographically isolated",leading to the "emergence of decentralized leadership" of regional groups using the al-Qaeda "brand name."
In Arabic,al-Qaeda has four syllables.However,since two of the Arabic consonants in the name (the voiceless uvular plosive [q] and the voiced pharyngeal fricative [ʕ]) are not phones found in the English language,the closest naturalized English pronunciation is IPA:/ælˈk蓱ːiːdə//.More commonly,/ælˈkaɪdə/ and /ælˈkeɪdə/ are heard.Al-Qaeda's name can also be transliterated as al-Qaida,al-Qa'ida,el-Qaida,or al Qaeda.
The name of the organization comes from the Arabic noun q膩'idah,which means foundation or basis and can also refer to a military base.The initial al- is the Arabic definite article the,hence the base.
Osama bin Laden explained the origin of the term in a videotaped interview with Al Jazeera journalist Tayseer Alouni in October 2001:
The name 'al-Qaeda' was established a long time ago by mere chance.The late Abu Ebeida El-Banashiri established the training camps for our mujahedeen against Russia's terrorism.We used to call the training camp al-Qaeda.The name stayed.
Saad Al-Faqih,a Saudi expert in al-Qaida,has stated that the name al-Qaida "...originated from a documentation system in the Bait al-Ansar guesthouse back in the 1980s
The Taliban (Pashto:طالبان - ṭ膩lib膩n,also anglicised as Taleban) are a Sunni Islamist and Pashtun nationalist movement that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001,when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the Northern Alliance and NATO countries.Committed fundamentalist insurgents,often described as "Taliban" in the media,originating in the Frontier Tribal Areas of Pakistan,are currently engaged in a protracted guerrilla war against the current government of Afghanistan,allied NATO forces participating in Operation Enduring Freedom,and the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force.
The Taliban movement was headed by Mullah Mohammed Omar.Beneath Mullah Omar were "a mixture of former small-unit military commanders and Madrasah teachers" and then a rank and file most of whom had studied in Islamic religious schools in Pakistan.The overwhelming majority of Taliban movement were ethnic Pashtuns from southern Afghanistan and western Pakistan,along with a smaller number of volunteers from elsewhere,for example Europe or China.The Taliban received valuable training,supplies and arms from the Pakistani government,particularly the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI),and many recruits from Madrasahs for Afghan refugees in Pakistan,primarily ones established by the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam JUI.
Although in control of Afghanistan's capital (Kabul) and much or most of the country for five years,the Taliban regime,or "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan," gained diplomatic recognition from only three states:Pakistan,Saudi Arabia,and the United Arab Emirates.Human rights abuses denied it United Nations recognition and most of the world's states,including Iran,India,Turkey,Russia,USA and most Central Asian republics opposed the Taliban and aided its rival (Afghan Northern Alliance).
While in power,the Taliban implemented the "strictest interpretation of Sharia law ever seen in the Muslim world,"and became notorious internationally for their alleged mistreatment of women.Women were forced to wear the burqa in public.They were allowed neither to work nor to be educated after the age of eight,and until then were permitted only to study the Qur'an.Women seeking an education were forced to attend underground schools,where they and their teachers risked execution if caught.They were not allowed to be treated by male doctors unless accompanied by a male family member or husband chaperone,which led to illnesses remaining untreated.They faced public flogging in the street,and both men and women faced public execution for violations of the Taliban's laws.