many scientists fail to recognize that the environment an individual grows up in plays a much more pivotal role in the molding or undoing of one's behavioral tendency.这个that是个宾语从句.句意为.许多科学家没能够认识到环境在

many scientists fail to recognize that the environment an individual grows up in plays a much more pivotal role in the molding or undoing of one's behavioral tendency.这个that是个宾语从句.句意为.许多科学家没能够认识到环境在个人的成长中扮演了非常关键的角色在形成个人行为趋势时.想问的是that后面为什么没有按照正常语序来表达.而是把从句的宾语提前放在从句主语an individual 前呢

many scientists fail to recognize that the environment an individual grows up in plays a much more pivotal role in the molding or undoing of one's behavioral tendency.
1. 由于没有充分理解整个句子法人结构,翻译很拗口,倒像是外国人说汉语.应该翻译为：在个人行为倾向的塑造和复原过程中,许多科学家没能够认识到个人成长的环境扮演着尤为关键的角色.
2. That 后面并非不是正常语序,而是你没有搞清楚句子的结构.其结构应该如下：
主句——the environment plays a much more pivotal role in the molding or undoing of one's behavioral tendency
定语从句——an individual grows up in,其中由于关系代词 which/that 是介词 in 的宾语而被省略.